Yaska

ID: 68af904e-ad6e-4c23-a4a9-537122db36f3
REVIEW_SCORE: 0.0
MTIME: [2024-12-25 Wed 15:54]

1. Personal

  • Dated at least a century before Plato (4th century BCE), possibly as early as the 9th century BCE
  • Successor of Sakatayana
  • Author of the Nighantu and the Nirukta

2. Nirukta

2.1. Vedanga on etymology

2.2. A commentary on Nighantu, a compilation of rare or difficult words

The Nighanu and Nirukta are typically treated as one document.

2.3. Three parts:

  1. Naighantuka kanda - a collection of synonyms in three adhyayas
    1. Physical things and nature
    2. Man, qualities associated with man
    3. Abstract qualities and concepts
  2. Naigama kanda - a collection of words found only in the Vedas
  3. Daivata kanda - a collection of names for deities

3. Ideas

3.1. Four main categories of words

  • Nama - nouns
  • Akhyata - verbs
  • Upasarga - prefixes
  • Nipata - particles

3.2. Two main ontological categories of speech

  • Words became nouns or verbs depnding on which feature was predominant.
  1. Process or action (bhava)
  2. Entity or being (sattva)
    • Nominal forms result in a 'petrified' verb (murta)

3.3. Words are the primary carriers of meaning

  • This is as opposed to sentences being the primary carriers of meaning, which is the Paninian position
  • The debate in which this is a position is between Nairuktas and Vaiyakaranas
    • It is part of the larger debate regarding compositionality between Mimamsakas and Vaiyakaranas
    • Gargya, of the opposiing side, argues for example that prepositions have various senses of their own even when detached, where Sakatayana argues that they only contribute to word-meanings and have no sense in themselves.
  • The Nairukta's position is exposited in Sakatayana's sutra:
    • samhita pada-prakrtih

This node is a singleton!

Author: Sahiti Chedalavada

Created: 2025-05-03 Sat 15:31

Validate